Brief Reports
10 August 2023
Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.4081/dr.2023.9799

Intramuscular versus intradermal botulinum toxin for forehead wrinkles: a review of side effects and efficacy

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Intradermal, intramuscular, botulinum toxin, forehead wrinkles
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Authors

Mohammed Almashali
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7864-9609
College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Rahaf R. Almutairi
[email protected]
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6030-9606
College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Asem Shadid
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7422-781X
Department of Dermatology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is a neurotoxin used for both cosmetic and non-cosmetic purposes. BTA is commonly administered as an intramuscular injection to treat wrinkles. However, when it comes to treating forehead wrinkles, intramuscular injection is associated with a greater rate of ptosis. Intradermal injection is currently thought to be a better alternative. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for research articles published between 1989 and 2023 using the following keywords: “intradermal,” “intramuscular,” “botulinum toxin,” and “forehead wrinkle.” The search yielded three randomized controlled trials and a double-blind, split-face case report on 58 patients. We found that although intradermal and intramuscular injections have symmetrical anti-wrinkle effects, the former results in a lower rate of ptosis and a greater degree of pain.

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Intramuscular versus intradermal botulinum toxin for forehead wrinkles: a review of side effects and efficacy. (2023). Dermatology Reports, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/dr.2023.9799
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